This Month in History - March 2022 Roundup

"The House is Black" has no clear premier date and didn't receive much attention when the short film first debuted. However, since its release in 1963, Forugh Farrokhzad's movie now considered a landmark achievement in Iranian film. In it, she follows a leper colony and narrates the story using quotes from her own poetry, the Old Testament, and the Koran. Farrokhzad shot the film at a leper colony in Iran and became so attached to a young child boy there that she adopted him.  The film is integral to the Iranian New Wave movement, which better portrayed the life and artistic taste of Iranians than films prior to that time.

"The Sound of Music" spun into theaters and hearts on this day in history in 1965. Ernest Lehman wrote the screenplay based on the stage play based on Maria von Trapp's late 40s memoir, "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers." The musical drama was a massive hit with audiences, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1965 and breaking box office records in 29 countries. Audiences fell in love with the music and the story of the young woman who becomes a governess for a widower's seven children, falling in love with the widower in the process. The movie won Best Picture at the Academy Awards and the Golden Globes and a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical. 

The French New Wave film "Lola" was released on this day in history in 1961. Jacques Demy wrote and directed the romantic drama about a man who falls in love again with his ex-girlfriend, who is now a cabaret performer with a son. Critics had mixed reviews of the movie, saying that it didn't have the "intellectual rigor" of other French New Wave films and others saying it was the most "neglected major work" of that era. French New Wave films were known for experimenting with visual style, editing, and social and political narratives. 

"Nosferatu" is a vampire film written by Henrik Galeen, based largely on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. Many characters in the book were changed or omitted entirely from the silent film, including replacing the name Dracula with Nosferatu, but the plot is so similar that Stoker's estate sued for copyright infringement and won. All copies of the film were supposed to be destroyed, but some survived, and the film is now considered a very influential piece of horror cinema for its rhythmic storytelling, and gothic, eerie feel.

Nobel Prize Winner Gabriel Gracía Márquez was born on this day in history in 1927. The Colombian-born screenwriter, journalist, and novelist was well known in Latin America as the father of magic realism, which pulls magical elements into otherwise ordinary circumstances. Márquez wrote several screenplays himself, and his novels "Love in the Time of Cholera" and "Love and Other Demons" were adapted into feature films in 2007, and 2010 respectively. He is considered one of the best Latin American authors to have ever lived.

Charlie Chaplin's "City Lights" premiered in the U.S. on this day in history in 1931. The film was silent despite "talkies" rising in popularity at the time. Chaplin's clumsy Tramp character led the film, falling in love with a blind woman and becoming friends with an alcoholic millionaire. It was the first movie for which Chaplin also composed a musical score, and film historians say that it was an "act of defiance" to make a movie with no dialogue at that time. He wasn't convinced that sound films would last, saying in an interview that he would "give talkies three years, that's all."

"Fargo," written by Joel and Ethan Coen, debuted on this day in history in 1996 to critical acclaim. Siskel and Ebert called it the best film of '96, and the Academy agreed, awarding it the Best Original Screenplay Oscar. The brothers said the comedy thriller was based on a true story at the beginning of the movie, but have changed their tune over the years, saying it was entirely made up. Their reasoning for the original statement, they said, is that audiences are more likely to buy certain plot elements if they believe the story is based in truth. The film follows a pregnant police chief who's investigating homicides after a car salesman hires some criminals to kidnap his wife and extort her father for ransom.

Happy Birthday, Jack Kenny! Kenny is a TV writer, producer, director, and actor, with writing credits for shows on Nickelodeon, CBS, NBC, Fox, Lifetime and TNT. He created the 2006 show, The Book of Daniel, then was hired as the showrunner for the SyFy series, Warehouse 13. He also has extensive producer credits and has been an active voice in the LGBTQ community.

Pedro Almodóvar wrote and directed the comedy-drama "Volver," which he first showed on this day in history in 2006. Almodóvar was inspired by a story he heard from an actress in his film "The Flower of My Secret," as well as childhood memories. The film is a personal one for him, having been shot in his birthplace of La Mancha, Spain. It follows the story of a mother who returns from the dead to tie up loose ends with her family and has heavy themes of death, betrayal, and abandonment – from a woman's point of view. Almodóvar earned several awards for the film, including Best Screenplay at the Cannes Film Festival.

Disney and Pixar fans have Joe Ranft to thank for several loveable characters that he both dreamt and voiced over the past 30 years. His story credits include "Beauty and the Beast," "The Lion King," "Toy Story," "A Bug's Life," "Cars," and more, and he's been the voice for several characters, like Jacques in "Finding Nemo," Ward in "Monsters, Inc." and Spike in "The Land Before Time."

Aliens became residents on this day in history in 2010 when Gareth Edwards' "Monsters" premiered at the SXSW Film Festival. Aliens invade earth, and six years later, a journalist and tourist traverse an infected zone in Mexico to get back to America. Edwards said he got the idea for the story while watching fishermen struggle to reel in a giant fish and imagining a terrible creature was inside the net instead.  He said he wanted the movie to take place post-monster, where people aren't running and screaming anymore but have learned to live with the aliens. He worked off a treatment rather than a full screenplay and allowed many of the extras to improvise their dialogue. He used a production crew of just six people and made the movie for under $500,000. After seeing the film at SXSW, a distributor acquired the rights, and the movie made more than $4 million at the box office.

The film version of "The Grapes of Wrath" premiered on this day in history in 1940. Nunnally Johnson wrote the screenplay based on John Steinbeck's novel of the same name. The drama follows a family from Oklahoma who loses their farm and ends up in California during the Great Depression. While Johnson's screenplay stayed true to the first half of the book, the second half of the film is much different, including the ending. Many critics consider "The Grapes of Wrath" film to be much better than the novel and go so far as to say that it is one of the best American films of all time.

The French New Wave film "Breathless" debuted on this day in 1960. The story was based on an article that writer François Truffaut read in the newspaper about a man who steals a car, kills a motorcycle cop, and attempts to reunite with an American student to run away to Italy. Truffaut later teamed with Claude Chabrol to write a treatment for the screenplay, but they quit over disagreements. Director Jean-Luc Godard liked the idea, though, and picked up where Truffaut and Chabrol left off, writing the script as he went along. Truffaut was ultimately credited with the script.

Nearly 50 years after it premiered on this day in 1972, audiences say "Pink Flamingos" is still shocking in its subject matter. The John Waters comedy film is considered "exploitation comedy," meaning it exploits obscene content to be over the top and extreme in its depiction of explicit and sometimes disgusting visuals. The movie is part of what Waters called his "Trash Trilogy," which includes the film "Female Trouble" and "Desperate Living." It stars the drag queen Divine who is attempting to retain the title of the filthiest person alive. While banned in some countries, the movie became a cult classic, especially in LGBTQ communities, where it's considered an important queer film for leading the way in early gay filmmaking. 

The Western film "Rio Bravo," written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett, had a limited release starting on this day in history in 1959.  The script was based on a short story by B. H. McCampbell about a sheriff who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher and must hold off that rancher's gang until the US Marshall arrives. A biography about the film's director, Howard Hawks, would later reveal that his daughter, Barbara McCampbell, wrote the original short story. The movie is known for its long, dialogue-less opening scene and its stars John Wayne, Dean Martin, and Ricky Nelson. While critics said it was too slow-moving back then, it's since gained a reputation as one of the top 10 Western films ever made.

Screenwriter I.A.L. Diamond said he and Billy Wilder spent a year developing the script for "Some Like It Hot," starring Marilyn Monroe. The screenplay was based on a previous screenplay by Robert Thoeren and Michael Logan for the French film "Fanfare of Love." While the stories are similar, Diamond and Wilder added the gangster subplot. The famous line "Nobody's perfect" wasn't supposed to end up in the film, and the writers agreed it would be replaced when they thought of something better. The film is considered one of the best comedy's of all time and has topped many best-of lists.

Tonino Guerra and Francesco Rosi wrote "Three Brothers," an Italian film based on the work of communist writer Andrei Platonov that debuted in Italy on this day in history in 1981. Rosi also directed the film, which examines how three brothers react to their mother's death based on what's happening in their personal lives. The film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards and won the Italian Nastro d'Argento for Best Director.

Alfred Hitchcock's "Rebecca" debuted on this day in history. The thriller was first written as a novel by Daphne Du Maurer. The screenplay was written by Robert E. Sherwood and Joan Harrison, adapted by Philip MacDonald and Michael Hogan. This was Hitchcock's first American film, although he had arrived in the U.S. to make an entirely different movie – Titanic. The studio he contracted with purchased the rights to "Rebecca" a few months later, and switched Hitchcock to this project. The film won Best Picture and Best Cinematography at the Academy Awards.

Upon its premiere on this day in history in 1972, "The Godfather" was the highest-grossing film ever made and launched the successful careers of filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola and actor Al Pacino. Coppola co-wrote the screenplay with Mario Puzo, who wrote the original novel of the same name. Paramount bought rights to the novel before it was a best-selling book, hiring Coppola to direct after a few other candidates turned down the job. Puzo wrote a 150-page first draft of the screenplay, while Coppola worked on another version separately. The final draft was 163 pages long but still was missing some scenes when production began. The finished film is one of the most influential gangster films of all time for its portrayal of gangsters as complex human beings, perhaps only surpassed by The Godfather II, a critical success in its own right. It won an Oscar for Best Picture and Best Adapted screenplay and many more awards.

Since it first debuted on BBC Two in 2001, "The Office" has been remade in a number of other countries, including the American adaptation which debuted on this day in history in 2005. The U.S. version is the longest-running, and was created by Greg Daniels, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant. The U.S. pilot was a direct adaptation of the original British version. Actors on the show said that the show was 100-percent scripted, although they were allowed to play with the lines here and there.  

Emilio "El Indio" Fernández was born on this day in history in 1904, and grew up to become a famous screenwriter, actor, and director during the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. He's also the model for the Oscar statuette handed out every year at the Academy Awards. During his lifetime, he won the Cannes' International Prize and Grand Prix awards for "La Red" and "Maria Candelaria" respectively, as well as the International Award at the Venice Film Festival for "La Perla."

Happy Birthday to Quentin Tarantino! Most of Tarantino's work is instantly recognizable for its style, which is characterized by non-linear storytelling, 1960s to 1980s songs, use of alternate history, long scenes of dialogue, and references to pop culture. He was born in Knoxville, Tennesee, and was named after Quint Asper, the character played by Burt Reynolds in the TV series "Gunsmoke." His dad was also an actor and producer. Tarantino's nine films have won seven Oscars, one Palme d'Or, seven BAFTAs, eight Golden Globes, and eight Saturn Awards.

Screenwriter Evan Hunter penned the script for Alfred Hitchcock's horror-thriller "The Birds," which debuted on this day in 1963. He based the story about an inexplicable bird attack on a small seaside town on Daphne du Maurier's novel by the same name. Hitchcock asked several people to critique on Hunter's first draft, and Hunter found it challenging to incorporate the often lengthy feedback. Hitchcock reportedly cut the final ten pages of the script to leave the audience with a more ambiguous ending.

The Nazi propaganda film "Triumph of the Will" premiered to German audiences on this day in history in 1935. To show Germany as a great world power, Adolf Hitler commissioned the feature-length film from director Leni Reifenstahl, who went to great lengths with a 170-person crew to film a rally in Nuremberg, which was planned "not only as a spectacular mass meeting but as a spectacular propaganda film." Water Ruttman and Eberhard Taubert co-wrote the film, which expectedly did well in Germany but did not attract enthusiastic crowds elsewhere. Later, filmmaker Frank Capra would use footage from "Triumph of the Will" to make a seven-part documentary titled "Why We Fight" to explain to U.S. soldiers why the U.S. was involved in the war.

Spanish-Mexican filmmaker Luis Buñuel wrote and directed the drama film "Tristana," which premiered on this day in history in Madrid in 1970. Julio Alejandro co-wrote, and the story was based on Benito Pérez Galdós' novel of the same name. They submitted their script to Spanish censors in 1963, but the script was rejected because it featured dueling, so Buñuel abandoned the project. Five years later, producers revived the film with financing from Italian and French investors, so Buñuel and Alejandro finished the screenplay. The story follows a girl who is seduced by an older man who was supposed to take care of her after her mother dies. The movie was nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign Language film.

Orson Welles' crime drama "Touch of Evil" had its first showing on this day in history in 1958. It's considered one of the last examples of classic American film noir (used to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas). Before choosing to make the movie, Welles had asked his producer to find him the worst script in the stack to prove he could make a good movie out of it. He found "Badge of Evil," based loosely on a Whit Masterson novel, rewrote it, and then took it into production. Though it wasn't a hit with everyone at first, modern reviewers say it's one of Welles' best films and one of the best representations of film noir from the era.